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The selection of appropriate extraction technology of Chinese materia medica (CMM) is the key phase in the preparation process of CMM preparation, and it is also the hot spot the industry personnel concerned about. In recent years, the extraction principle of CMM has been innovated, the technology has been improved and new ideas and methods have emerged. In the face of different kinds of extraction methods of CMM, how to select or innovate the appropriate extraction method to extract the effective components of CMM is a common difficult problem in accordance with the characteristics of multi-component groups of CMM. Therefore, it is urgent to sort out the extant situation of CMM, discuss the characteristics of interaction between multi-components of CMM and propose a set of optimization extraction methods adapted to multi-component objectives. Based on the above discussion, this paper firstly summarizes the present situation of CMM extraction, and introduces supramolecular chemistry, combined with supramolecular imprinting templates theory to put forward the theory, the method and the technology of qualitative and quantitative extraction of Chinese medicines which is suitable for the characteristics of active ingredients of Chinese medicines from the perspective of molecular social interaction. The aim is to promote the development of the extraction technology of CMM, make progress in the production technology of CMM preparations, and accelerate the process of modernization of CMM pharmaceuticals.
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OBJECTIVE: To study the relationship between the structural topological index and the area of cerebral infarction, and to explore the correlation between drugs with different molecular connectivity indices and their therapeutic effect. METHODS: Seventy-eight male SD rats (SPF grade) were randomly divided into four groups:drug group, model blank group, normal group and sham operation group, six rats in each group and to establish cerebral ischemia-reperfusion model. The next day, according to the five half-lives different molecular connectivity index of drugs or distilled water were given, so that blood drug concentration to reach a steady state, after the fifth half-life of drugs for anesthesia, and take out the rat′s brain after staining, fixed treatment. After photographing, the infarct area of rats was calculated by Image-Pro Plus 6 software. By t test and nonlinear regression correlation analysis using IBM SPSS Statistics 24 software the results were analyzed. RESULTS: In the drug group, the average area of cerebral infarction was 21.22%; in the model blank group, 37.23%; the ratio of reduced area to model area was 42.99%, P<0.05. There was significant difference between the two groups. In the piracetam group, 88.111 3% of the cerebral ischemia area was reduced, and the molecular connectivity index of the concentration in vivo was 190.72, 109.66, 74.91, which was significantly different from other common drugs (P<0.05). Nonlinear regression analysis showed that infarct size was correlated with molecular connectivity index, and the correlation coefficient of first order molecular connectivity index was the highest. CONCLUSION: Four groups of drugs have impaired effect on the treatment of cerebral infarction, and the molecular connectivity index of drugs has a significant correlation with the efficacy of drugs.
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Background Basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF)secreted by cornea after injury is important to cytothesis,collagen fibers reconstruction and axons recovery.However,the local bFGF is not enough for the reparation process.Objective This study aimed to observe the findings of corneal collagen and nerve recovery under the confocal microscopy through focusing(CMTF) in the eyes with intervene of exogenous recombinant bFGF(rbFGF) after excimer laser in situ keratomileusis(LASIK).Methods LASIK rabbit models were binocularly created in 34 clean New Zealand white rabbits.The tobramycin combined with dexamethasone were dropped after operation for 10 days in bilateral eyes.rbFGF was topically administered in the right eyes of rabbits from 1 day through 3 months after LASIK,and lubricant was used in the left eyes at the same way.The corneal collagen and nerve recovery,keratocyte and endothelial cell counting were observed with CMTF at the 1st week,2nd week,2nd month,3rd month and 5th month after LASIK.Results Total 19 rabbits were meted the request of LASIK models.The keratocyte densities in anterior stroma of both groups reached the lowest level at the 2nd week and the highest level at the 3rd month.Otherwise,haze changed on the contrary.No statistically significant differences were found in anterior stroma keratocyte densities,haze grade,grey value between rbFGF group and lubricant group at various time points after operation(P＞0.05).The nerve cord densities of both groups were increased gradually,and those under the epithelial basement membrane were more dominant.The nerve density of the anterior stroma of rbFGF group was significant higher than the lubricant one in the 2nd group(P=0.038).The considerably elevated the subepithelial nerve density value was also seen in rbFGF group compared with lubricant at 5 months after operation(Z=-2.060,P=0.039).No any corneal neovascularization occurred in both groups through experiment duration.The positive correlation was found between grey value with haze grade in rbFGF group(b=22.687,F=37.975,P=0.000) and lubricant group(b=20.410,F=18.516,P=0.000).However,haze grade was not significant correlated with stromal keratocyte density(rbFGF group:b=0.001,F=0.164,P=0.668;lubricant group:b=-0.002,F=1.896,P=0.178).Conclusion Exogenous bFGF can improve the recovery of corneal nerve and regeneration of keratocyte after LASIK.No evidence of bFGF promoting corneal neovascularization is found in this experiment.
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<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Superficial bladder cancer accounts for 60% - 70% of all bladder cancer cases in China, when treatment consists of only transurethral resection of the bladder tumor (TUR-BT), recurrence and progresses in the bladder are observed in some patients. There are numerous reports of trials of intravesical instillation of anticancer agents with the objective of lowering this recurrence rate. The aim of this study was to compare the prophylactic efficacy and safety of epirubicin (EPI), pirarubicin (THP) and hydroxycamptothecin (HCPT) in superficial bladder cancer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>This study enrolled a total of 189 patients who had been diagnosed with superficial bladder cancer during the period from 2004 through 2007 at Beijing Friendship Hospital. All patients were randomly allocated to one of three treatment groups. Patients in group A received 29 doses of EPI 30 mg/30 ml, patients in group B received 29 doses of THP 30 mg/30 ml, and patients in group C received 29 doses of HCPT 30 mg/30 ml, over a period of 24 months.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The recurrence-free rate in the 2 anthracycline treatment groups (A and B) were significantly better than that of the HCPT treatment group. In the safety evaluation, the incidences of pollakiuria, pain on urination, dysuria, hematuria, and contracted bladder were not significantly different between groups A and B, but some were significantly higher in groups A and B than that in group C.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The efficacy of EPI and THP was significantly better than HCPT in the prevention of bladder cancer recurrence.</p>
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Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Administration, Intravesical , Anthracyclines , Antibiotics, Antineoplastic , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local , Pilot Projects , Urinary Bladder NeoplasmsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the efficacy and safety of sirolimus in management of chronic allograft nephropathy (CAN).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A retrospective study was conducted involving 31 CAN patients followed up since March 2002, who experienced a change from a calcineurin inhibitor (CNI)-based regimen to a SRL-based regimen. Serum creatinine (Cr) in these patients was compared before and after the regimen change, and the adverse events associated with SRL were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Till March 2007 when the study closed, 15 patients reached the primary endpoint for resuming dialysis, 8 had improved and 8 had stable renal function. In patients with high Cr(0)(> or =3 mg/L, n=12), 9 resumed dialysis and 2 had improved renal function, but one of the patients with renal improvement eventually died due to infection; in the patients with low Cr(0)(<3 mg/L, n=19), 5 resumed dialysis, 8 had stable renal function and 6 had improved renal function, showing significant difference between the 2 groups (P=0.003). Altogether 14 patients reached the secondary endpoint for ceasing SRL for severe infection (5 patients, of whom 4 resumed dialysis and 1 died of infection) or adverse events associated with SRL (9 patients, of whom 4 resumed dialysis, 2 had stable and 3 had improved renal function). Hyperlipidemia (51.6%), leukocytopenia (41.9%), mouth ulcer (29.0%) and liver function lesion (16.1%) were the commonest adverse events in these patients, and totalling 13 severe adverse events were recorded, including 2 fatal cerebral hemorrhage, 3 fatal infection episodes, and 8 pulmonary and urinary infections that require hospitalization.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Conversion from a CNI-based to SRL-based regimen can be effective for some CAN cases, especially for those with Cr(0) below 3 mg/L. Attention must be given to adverse events like hyperlipidemia and leukocytopenia, as well as the related cerebral vascular accidents and infections.</p>